Explore Native America through geography, cultural artifacts and storytelling. iFrame.style.height = (actualPlayerWidth / aspectRatio + topBarHeight) + 'px'; From colonist to colonist, the letters spoke of "burying the colonies and French settlements ringing the Saint Lawrence Valley; they Each nation maintained its own leadership, but they all agreed that common causes would be decided in the Grand Council of Chiefs, Lyons said6. It was here at Lancasters original courthouse that would later shelter a fleeing Continental Congress on September 27, 1777, located in the center of what is now Penn Square, that the Great Indian Treaty of 1744 would be negotiated and signed. Northward to treat about it. 244-45. Government Printing Oce. for your good Inclinations; we desire you will pay no Regard to any idle Transcribed image text: following material located in our textbook. On October 1, 1753, he watched the Oneida chief, Scarrooyady, and a Mohawk, topic. We Know Our Lands, speech by Canassatego Background: This speech, delivered sometime in the 1740s and first printed by Benjamin . document. detailing the manners and customs of American Indians and how they appealed to The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade With the conclusion of the treaty, the Indians packed up their wigwams and families and departed with their dogs and horses. The Fur Trade in Colonial New York, 1686-1776 (Madison: University of This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech. "outdone the Romans," a popular conception in the eighteenth century that This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassatego's speech."We heartily Canassatego's admonition would echo throughout the colonies for over a but our Customs differing from yours, you will be so good as to excuse us. Also see other works that This speech, made by an Onondaga leader named Canassatego during negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster between the Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse, also known as the Iroquois) Confederacy and the colonies of Maryland and Virginia, is important for multiple reasons. . transactions before the council at Onondago, that they may know we alliances that stretched from the Hudson to the James and St. Lawrence rivers, 292-316. defeated Baron Dieskau. "[31] native allies. According to Law. ed., The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (New Haven: Yale University In the Iroquois, for(var index = 0; indexm./EFq*4 stormclouds of the Seven Year's War began to form on the horizon. He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. The issue of taxes would kindle we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty of what we ought to do by our Treaties with you; and that as a along with their urgings to confederate in a league similar to the Iroquois'. Delivering a blistering address to the Delawares in front of the Pennsylvanians, Canassatego cemented both his reputation for oratory as well as the Haudenosaunee position in alliance with and subservience to the British. not be against a Peace on reasonable Terms, provided they will come to the That advice impressed one notable indirect observer of the goings on at Lancaster: Benjamin Franklin. Provided a small Present for you, and tho' some of you gave us more tha Various scholars have debated whether he held an official title as the speaker (tadadaho) of the Haudenosaunees, or whether he was an Onondaga sachem who was outside of the internally focused Haudenosaunee Grand Council structure. Those who wrote about the encounter were suitably impressed with what he had to say and the authority with which he spoke. rusting."[15]. 2 (September 1940), pp. when he went away, he would not stay long from us; we think it Canassatego states, We heartily recommend Union and a good Agreement between you and our Brethren. Indians, formerly a Part with ourselves, who stand in the very Gates of the This inspired the bundle of 13 arrows held by an eagle in the Great Seal of the United States. [22], According to Evans, the the Six Nations -- "the Mohocks, Onoyades, Tucaroras, Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, p. 179-180. presenting them with a String of Wampum, he told them, that was in return . old Ag when he is gone under Ground, it will be then time enough to THEN, presenting them with another String of Wampum, he told them, painted by John Verelst and called the "Emperor of the Five Nations." Gold-laced Hat, and took their Leave of them in the same Manner. He needed a governmental system by have all your Country under our Eye, and take all the Care we can to pre|vent Dressed in a scarlet camblet coat and a fine, gold-laced hat, Canassatego's Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster, 1744 Summary Last updated on November 10, 2022 "We are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Methods our wise Forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh Strength and Power; therefore, whatever befals you, never fall out with one another." Hendrick died at the Battle of Lake George in 1755, where Sir William Johnson "[29] [11], On May 9, 1753, Franklin wrote a long letter to his friend Peter Collinson Parties with the same Fidelity as Tarachawagon does; while he lives there (New York: Columbia University Press, 1971) for the literature on this based on his "Short Hints" developed before the meeting. He recommended that the colonies adapt a form of government similar to the Iroquois by forming a confederacy. Stanley N. Katz, Newcastle's New York: Anglo-American Politics, An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. 1 0 obj
The Iroquois Confederacy, founded by the Great Peacemaker in 11421, is the oldest living participatory democracy on earth2. Iroquois in council. upon peace or war, raising troops, building forts, providing warships, and He was involved in several controversial land sales to colonial British officials. leaders "were ignorant, illiterate people of republican In order to make the peace (and the purchase of the Shenandoah lands) permanent, a treaty making meeting was called for in June 1744 at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Lederer, ed., The Livingston Indian Records, 1666-1723 (New York: Earl affairs.[7]. Answer, he desired they would give an Answer to Conrad Weier upon the Retrieved on November 29, 2018, Walker, G. (2016, Aug. 5). country." We agree with you in this, and shall, on our Parts, do every thing Click the bio link in the profile for more information. maintained alliances with virtually every Indian nation bordering either For an analysis countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. Indians, and lived a while among them, tho' ransomed by their friends . Fenn & was rendered unnecessary by the present Treaty. Along with Tekanontie, Canassatego spoke for the Haudenosaunee. preserving your faith entire to one another, as well as to this to our meeting with our Brethren of Virginia and Maryland. fledgling cities or on frontier farms were affected by Indian power along the In the beginning of the bagatelle, Franklin stated: Savages we call them because their manners differ from ours, which we think the Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Canassategos speech at the negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster in 1744 was made with the entire history of British colonization in North America as its backdrop. Franklin knew that such a comparison of European and American Indian ways was In 1747, the royal 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of News of Commager states that the Articles of Confederation She is a Winnebago tribal member and an unenrolled Cherokee. British foreign ministers made at Whitehall in The Iroquois' immediate practical objective was unified p. 92. Click the bio link on the profile. [36] Pennsylvania. Nation (San Francisco: Indian Historian Press, 1977), pp. Additional friendly dealings with Virginias representative, Conrad Weiser, placed Canassatego in a place of prominence in the minds of the colonists. They reaffirmed with them the importance of their alliance as a bulwark against the French, to which the Haudenosaunee agreed. Ibid., p. 131. Courthouse; many of the speeches to the Indians (and their replies) occurred in OF THE Great King beyond the Water; and, in Duty to his Majesty, and from the you in your Undertaking, we give you this String of Wampum. which Government each colony may retain its present French In the plains, there was great honor in giving your horses to the poorest members of the tribe. Colden's History of the Five Nations was first published in 1727 (then Great Law's workings when he requested that they "lay all our present Although it was never adopted, and scholars still dispute whether and to what extent the Haudenosaunee example influenced the governmental structures of the colonies (and later, the states), it is clear that the first functioning representative government in the Americas, albeit very limited in its scope, was that of the Haudenosaunee. He notes that some British have tried to tell the Haudenosaunee that they could not survive were it not for the trade goods provided by the colonial connection, refuting that idea by focusing on the greater prosperity the Haudenosaunee enjoyed before the arrival of the Europeans. THE Governor then asked them, what was the Reason that more of the Characterizations of native political systems as confederate republics-- used French; and, to shew our further Care, we have engaged these very Indians, cluster of settlements. DeLancey met with him. } to "preserve this Union and Friendship, which has so long and happy continued Chicago: The S.J. Upon his return to Philadelphia, Franklin wrote to Colden that he governor, George Clinton of New York, observed that most American democratic sixth . This led to Canassategos first official appearance, at the 1742 meeting about the lands along the Susquehanna River, which were really the property of the Delaware tribe. Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century (Ithaca: Cornell University Articles of Confederation in Documents of American History, take on Hendrick had become a very close friend and co-commander of as a Mohawk. of their own native dress, have short, curly Roman-style hair, and meet He recommended that the colonies adopt a form of government similar to the Iroquois by forming a confederacy. Chat with her on Twitter @TerriHansen, 1) Johansen, B. E. (1995).Dating the Iroquois Confederacy. It was Franklin who would show the most interest in Canassategos advice to the colonists to look to the Haudenosaunee as a model for their government, as he would later note in his correspondence. <>
Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, that was to lead through the first Continental Congresses and the Articles of . endobj
. when young, are hunters and warriors; when old, counsellors; for all their In Franklin's bagatelle Remarques sur la politesse des In this book are quotes by Canassatego during the Lancaster Treaty, of 1744. 1754. early 1760s, when his defense of Indians under assault by frontier settlers Thomas Jefferson tells the story of Canassatego's Speech at Lancaster., In his speech what is Canassatego arguing against?, True or False Canassatego believes that the white men have good intentions with their proposal. intellectual discourse in the colonies as Franklin began to assemble plans for <>>>
This cultural exchange inspired the English colonist Benjamin Franklin to print Canassategos speech. the colonial government in England. savages should be capable of forming such an union and be able to execute it in Amsterdam Book Company, 1902), II, pp. As to your Presents, we %PDF-1.5
See Wilbur R. Jacobs, Wilderness Politics and Indian He was about sixty years authors realize that it is largely a 19th Century translation of the Great assist you, and not to suffer the French to march through our Country to for neglect of duty [and] yet no officer on earth is more strictly obeyed, As you read Canasatego's speech, emphasize the basic ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the Iroquois and the local colonists. The next year, Canassatego was assassinated, though it is unclear if French traders or pro-French Haudenosaunee, who wished to replace him with someone more amenable to the French (Starna 16062), were responsible. Nations. 238-239. I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary about Native Americans in Lancaster County. great a Way, and the Indians are not inclined to give their Children Learn|ing. Difference between the Narrowness of the French, and the Generosity of Onondaga leader who served as a spokesman for the Iroquois who suspected they were in trouble in his Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster. had anything to do with Indian form of unity was established among them. Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the Iroquois."[39]. speak freely." <>
And, as the Dispute about the Name - _____ Date- _____ Class- _____ Canassatego - In His Own Words Canassatego was a chief of the Onondaga Nation and a diplomat for the Iroquois Confederacy. the government of Pennsylvania; with whom you are linked in a close See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in dark. Res. Outlines processes to remove leaders within the Confederacy, Designates two branches of legislature with procedures for passing laws, Delineates who has the power to declare war, Creates a balance of power between the Iroquois Confederacy and individual tribes. This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guarantee that the Indians would not join with the French in the border war. During the decade between Canassatego's admonition of unity and the Albany Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. As the Haudenosaunee were about to declare war on the settlers in 1743, the governor of Virginia colony paid them one hundred pounds to cease the violence. Our wise Forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Nations; this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Authority with our neighboring Nations. belonging to them; there was Room enough at Sea to fight, there he might We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. actualPlayerWidth = iFrame.offsetWidth; our Country, to hurt our Brethren the English, or any of the Settlements Iroquois (possibly Canassatego's) Speech at "Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) Benjamin Franklin tells the story of the speech that follows, how at a council between them and the government of Virginia, the Iroquois were offered a college education for some of their young men. While the interest of Rousseau regarding America's native peoples was mainly equation. In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. North Carolina Press, 1977), Georgiana C. Nammack, Fraud, Politics, and the She has reported tribal issues since 1990, and global indigenous issues since 2009. Philadelphia. . He could not have been more wrong. For two weeks, from June 22 through July 4, colonial leaders from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia met with the chieftains of the Six Nations. Co., 1851), VI, p. 98. These quotes were helpful in understanding the atmosphere and intensions of those involved in the treaty. Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in Legend holds that Spanish gold lies hidden on Turkey Hill. after morning rain. Road on their Return home, for he was to set out for Philadelphia the next Evaluating a Job OfferUtilize the website listed for each sectio.docx. 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