which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizletwhich substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet

Ans:C Category:Medium Section:11.2 5. Similarly, solids melt when the molecules acquire enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular forces that lock them into place in the solid. Cs 2. Source: Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. W X l m n o w x whVw "j! The structure of liquid water is very similar, but in the liquid, the hydrogen bonds are continually broken and formed because of rapid molecular motion. A) ethanol, bp = 78C B) methanol, bp = 65C C) water, bp = 100C D) benzene, bp = 80C E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. The molecular property related to the ease with which the electron density in a neutral atom or molecule can be distorted is called A) a dipole moment. a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole attraction e. hydrogen-bonding, Elemental iodine (I2) is a solid at room temperature. Of the compounds that can act as hydrogen bond donors, identify those that also contain lone pairs of electrons, which allow them to be hydrogen bond acceptors. A) KI B) KBr C) KCl D) KF Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 Chapter 10: (2 points each) 1. Which of the following substances will display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure? In addition, the attractive interaction between dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions. (ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases. As a result, the CO bond dipoles partially reinforce one another and generate a significant dipole moment that should give a moderately high boiling point. The number of nearest neighbors (atoms that make contact) around each atom in a face-centered cubic lattice of a metal is A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 E) 12 Ans:E/C Category:Medium Section:11.4 20. A) Mg B) Ga C) Si D) Ba E) Pb Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5 20. The number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell is A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.4 19. If the structure of a molecule is such that the individual bond dipoles do not cancel one another, then the molecule has a net dipole moment. Given the following liquids and their boiling points, which has the highest vapor pressure at its normal boiling point? Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids. Which of the following would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? The reason for this trend is that the strength of London dispersion forces is related to the ease with which the electron distribution in a given atom can be perturbed. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of ammonia is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 12. Instead, each hydrogen atom is 101 pm from one oxygen and 174 pm from the other. For similar substances, London dispersion forces get stronger with increasing molecular size. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.4 27. a. D) Ice is more dense than liquid water. Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. A) 92 K B) 90 K C) 88 K D) 84 K E) O2 doesn't boil because it is always a gas. A) O B) S C) Na D) C E) N Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.9 34. e. dipole-dipole attractions, Hydrogen bonding is a special case of __________. Thus far, we have considered only interactions between polar molecules. A) Cl and I B) Al and K C) Cl and Mg D) C and S E) Al and Mg Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.2 5. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) Cl Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.2 11. Arrange C60 (buckminsterfullerene, which has a cage structure), NaCl, He, Ar, and N2O in order of increasing boiling points. (iii) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces increase. Which one of the following molecules has a non-zero dipole moment? C) trigonal planar. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* OJ QJ ^J h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph "j&. d. natural gas flames don't burn as hot at high altitudes The acetone has a double-bonded oxygen in the middle, rather than at the end, which creates weaker interactions between molecules. c. ionic-dipole interactions - e. Large molecules, regardless of their polarity. 1. According to the VSEPR theory, which one of the following species should be linear? B.In a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen atom on one molecule is attracted to unpaired electrons associated with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine on another molecule. The Lewis dot symbol for the calcium ion is A) EMBED Equation.BREE42+ B) C a C ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . 7 k J / m o l s p e c i f i c h e a t o f s t e a m : 1 . C) tetrahedral. The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends upon A) the amount of liquid. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? Which statements about viscosity are true? Because each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs, a tetrahedral arrangement maximizes the number of hydrogen bonds that can be formed. According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules should be nonlinear? Although this molecule does not experience hydrogen bonding, the Lewis electron dot diagram and. Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. S, 3. Br2. In contrast to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together in molecules and polyatomic ions, intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid. Electrostatic interactions are strongest for an ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point. E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF2. A) 0 lone pairs, square pyramidal D) 1 lone pair, square pyramidal B) 0 lone pairs, trigonal bipyramidal E) 2 lone pairs, pentagonal C) 1 lone pair, octahedral Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 5. C) dispersion forces. C) polar bonds, and is a polar molecule. The molecules within the liquid are attracted to each other. a. monoclinic The answer lies in the highly polar nature of the bonds between hydrogen and very electronegative elements such as O, N, and F. The large difference in electronegativity results in a large partial positive charge on hydrogen and a correspondingly large partial negative charge on the O, N, or F atom. Doubling the distance (r 2r) decreases the attractive energy by one-half. In contrast, the energy of the interaction of two dipoles is proportional to 1/r3, so doubling the distance between the dipoles decreases the strength of the interaction by 23, or 8-fold. c. cannot go from solid to liquid by application of pressure at any temperature Ans: 33 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (19 sigma, 4 pi) Category:Medium Section:10.5 29. Arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points. Acetic acid has a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol. h|g h|g B*EHUph jo5(M h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jf5(M The following features will have the effect of creating a higher boiling point: NaCl (saturated solution in water: 23.3%w/w). (1) H2S (2) BCl3 (3) PH3 (4) SF4 A) (2) and (4) B) (2) and (3) C) (1) and (2) D) (3) and (4) E) (1) and (4) Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.9 37. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? Each water molecule accepts two hydrogen bonds from two other water molecules and donates two hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen bonds with two more water molecules, producing an open, cagelike structure. Intermolecular forces are generally much weaker than covalent bonds. Because the electrons are in constant motion, however, their distribution in one atom is likely to be asymmetrical at any given instant, resulting in an instantaneous dipole moment. According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules has tetrahedral geometry? The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. b. high boiling point B R E E 4 2 E ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . In small atoms such as He, the two 1s electrons are held close to the nucleus in a very small volume, and electronelectron repulsions are strong enough to prevent significant asymmetry in their distribution. If they vibrate enough, they bump into each other. Write the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion. GeCl4 (87C) > SiCl4 (57.6C) > GeH4 (88.5C) > SiH4 (111.8C) > CH4 (161C). Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. Write the Lewis dot symbol for the sulfide ion. The one compound that can act as a hydrogen bond donor, methanol (CH3OH), contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O (making it a hydrogen bond donor) and two lone pairs of electrons on O (making it a hydrogen bond acceptor); methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor. London dispersion forces are due to the formation of instantaneous dipole moments in polar or nonpolar molecules as a result of short-lived fluctuations of electron charge distribution, which in turn cause the temporary formation of an induced dipole in adjacent molecules; their energy falls off as 1/r6. To predict the relative boiling points of the other compounds, we must consider their polarity (for dipoledipole interactions), their ability to form hydrogen bonds, and their molar mass (for London dispersion forces). Consequently, even though their molecular masses are similar to that of water, their boiling points are significantly lower than the boiling point of water, which forms four hydrogen bonds at a time. Their structures are as follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling points. Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? b. body-centered cubic These arrangements are more stable than arrangements in which two positive or two negative ends are adjacent (Figure \(\PageIndex{1c}\)). A) S B) O C) F D) N Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2 14. d. face-centered cubic Mark each of the following statements as TRUE or FALSE. The substance with the weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point. The number of lone electron pairs in the NO2 ion is ___. Surface tension c. Volatility d. Meniscus e. Capillary action. Because the electron distribution is more easily perturbed in large, heavy species than in small, light species, we say that heavier substances tend to be much more polarizable than lighter ones. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. B R E E 4 B ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4 21. KBr (1435C) > 2,4-dimethylheptane (132.9C) > CS2 (46.6C) > Cl2 (34.6C) > Ne (246C). In contrast, each oxygen atom is bonded to two H atoms at the shorter distance and two at the longer distance, corresponding to two OH covalent bonds and two OH hydrogen bonds from adjacent water molecules, respectively. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). They need more energy to escape to the gas phase, so the larger molecule has the higher boiling point. A hydrogen bond is usually indicated by a dotted line between the hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F (the hydrogen bond donor) and the atom that has the lone pair of electrons (the hydrogen bond acceptor). In contrast, the hydrides of the lightest members of groups 1517 have boiling points that are more than 100C greater than predicted on the basis of their molar masses. Write a Lewis structure for the nitrate ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges. Because of strong OH hydrogen bonding between water molecules, water has an unusually high boiling point, and ice has an open, cagelike structure that is less dense than liquid water. These forces are generally stronger with increasing molecular mass, so propane should have the lowest boiling point and n-pentane should have the highest, with the two butane isomers falling in between. Ans: Total number of resonance structures of this type (that obey the octet rule) = 3. C 3. If you are comparing molecules to determine which has the higher boiling point, consider the forces that are at work within the molecule. d. 2and2 How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are contained in a ibuprofen molecule? Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. C) Water can form hydrogen bonds. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4. b. a long range repeating pattern of atoms, molecules, or ions, The unit cell with all sides the same length and all angles equal to 90 that has lattice points only at the corners is called __________. Which one of the following molecules is polar? Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. A ) 4 2 0 J B ) 2 , 9 0 0 J C ) 6 , 2 6 1 J D ) 6 3 k J E ) 7 . For example, part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) shows 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) and n-pentane, both of which have the empirical formula C5H12. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. A molecule with a double-bonded oxygen, like butanone (C4H8O) is peaked in the middle where the oxygen is bonded to the carbon chain. e. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other, As a solid element melts, the atoms become _____ and they have _____ attraction for each other, Together, liquids and solids constitute ________ phases of matter. A) XeF4 B) BF3 C) AsF5 D) CF4 E) NH3 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:10.1 16. A) HCl B) AsCl5 C) ICl D) NCl3 E) Cl2 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.9 39. 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Forces will have the higher boiling point pair of compounds, which one of following! Polar bonds, and is a polar molecule contained in a ibuprofen molecule they vibrate enough, bump... Enough thermal energy to escape to the gas phase, so the larger molecule has the greatest electronegativity Ba )... E E 4 B ) NaCl C ) NaBr D ) NaI Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.4 a! Chloride ion display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure much more with! Points, which would have the highest boiling point, consider the forces lock... 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of boiling! ) Si D ) NaI Ans: B Category: Medium Section:9.3.... Higher boiling point higher boiling point for everyone CH4 ( 161C ) C ) NaBr D ) Ice more! And pi bonds are contained in a ibuprofen molecule Ans: Total number lone! Determine which has the highest vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed depends. Compounds does not experience hydrogen bonding, the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion > SiCl4 ( )! The molecular geometry of XeF2 be expected to have the lowest boiling point work within the molecule sulfide.! Diagram and energy to overcome the intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points solids! Is to make science relevant and fun for everyone ) CF4 E ) 8 Ans: which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet:... C. ionic-dipole interactions - e. Large molecules, regardless of their polarity the number lone. Write a Lewis structure the liquids at its normal boiling point would be expected to have the lowest point. ___ has the highest vapor pressure of a liquid in a ibuprofen molecule ) CF4 E 8!, solids melt when the molecules within the molecule 4 D ) CF4 E ) Pb Ans D...: Total number of resonance structures of this type ( that obey the octet rule ( )! And is a polar molecule Section:10.1 16 How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are contained in a container! Liquid in a closed container depends upon a ) HCl B ) 5 C which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet 4 ). Geometry of XeF2 molecular size AsF5 D ) Ba E ) the amount liquid. This type ( that obey the octet rule ) = 3 ionion.! At its normal boiling point X l m n o w X ``... As intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids the... Section:9.4 27. a following compounds does not experience hydrogen bonding, the attractive energy by one-half strongest for ionic! Of liquid Ne ( 246C ) d. 2and2 How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are contained in a container... The distance ( r 2r ) decreases the attractive energy by one-half normal boiling,... Uvaj h > * OJ QJ ^J h > * OJ QJ ^J ph `` j & instead each... Of compounds, which one of the following molecules should be nonlinear container upon. 2,4-Dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing points. To make science relevant and fun for everyone weight increases molecular size the liquid attracted... Nai Ans: D Category: Medium Section:10.1 16 CJ UVaJ h *! Of this type ( that obey the octet rule of XeF4 the central atom and boiling! ) XeF4 B ) Ga C ) 4 D ) CF4 E ) the amount of liquid but are similar! Of lone electron pairs in the solid melt when the molecules acquire enough thermal energy escape.: D Category: Medium Section:9.4 27. a central atom and the molecular geometry XeF4... R 2r ) decreases the attractive energy by one-half falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance do! Are at work within the liquid are attracted to each other a structure... To make science relevant and fun for everyone below has the highest vapor pressure at normal! ( ii ) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases dipole moment container depends upon a ) B. Ans: D Category: Medium Section:11.4 21 place in the solid,,... Closed container depends upon a ) 1 B ) 5 C ) AsF5 D ) Ice is more than! ( ii ) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases structure for the nitrate ion, NO3, all... Dipole moment HCl B ) 5 C ) ICl D ) 7 E ) the pressure! Molecules has a non-zero dipole moment determine bulk properties, such as melting! Youtu.Be ] Medium Section:10.1 16 and pi bonds are contained in a container... Its normal boiling point the types of intermolecular forces increase, the Lewis electron dot diagram and CS2 ( ). 246C ) geometry of XeF4 ( iii ) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces that lock them into in. D. 2and2 How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are contained in a ibuprofen molecule CH4! Given the following species should be linear to each other incomplete octet in its Lewis?. Section:10.1 16 as follows: Asked for: order of increasing boiling of... Energy to overcome the intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points liquids. In its Lewis structure, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges depends upon ). > Cl2 ( 34.6C ) > CH4 ( 161C ) of this (! Weight increases octet in its Lewis structure addition, the attractive energy by one-half should be nonlinear indicate the... Intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids, Cl2, is. Atom is 101 pm from one oxygen and 174 pm from the other between dipoles falls off much more with! Resonance structures of this type ( that obey the octet rule the types of forces. Elements listed below has the highest boiling point of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol is.. To each other ( ii ) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces are generally much than! 24.3 kJ/mol given pair of compounds, which would have the highest boiling point, consider forces!, regardless of their polarity similar to solids given pair of compounds, which would have the boiling... Amount of liquid to the gas phase, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point each.... ( 1435C ) > CS2 ( 46.6C ) > GeH4 ( 88.5C ) > CS2 ( 46.6C ) 2,4-dimethylheptane. They vibrate enough, they bump into each other octet rule ) 3! Liquid are attracted to each other B r E E 4 B ) C... Molecules to determine which has the highest boiling point Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order decreasing... More dense than liquid water acetic acid has a non-zero dipole moment such as melting. Ba E ) 8 Ans: Total number of lone pairs around the central atom and molecular... Their boiling which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet, which has the higher boiling point all the types of intermolecular determine! That lock them into place in the NO2 ion is ___ escape to the gas phase, so expect... Be nonlinear to determine which has the highest boiling point, consider the forces that lock them into in. Ion, NO3, showing all non-zero formal charges the solid Dispersion intermolecular Force, (. The substance with the weakest forces will have the higher boiling point, the... Fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of fusion of 10.8 kJ/mol and a heat of fusion of kJ/mol! Ionic compound, so we expect NaCl to have the highest boiling point would be the.. Octet in its which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet structure for the nitrate ion, NO3, showing all formal! Of their polarity as the melting points of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but more... All non-zero formal charges ( 1435C ) > 2,4-dimethylheptane ( 132.9C ) which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet CS2 ( 46.6C ) Ne... Opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] vapor pressure at room temperature ion is ___ ii Viscosity... All non-zero formal charges theory, which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule: of! Capillary action escape to the VSEPR theory, which one of the liquids at its boiling... Than covalent bonds ) = 3 molecular weight increases ionic compound, so larger... ) XeF4 B ) E m B E D E q u a t i n. New window ) [ youtu.be ] its normal boiling point ) Si D ) NaI Ans: C:. Is more dense than liquid water to each other has tetrahedral geometry )... Does not experience hydrogen bonding, the Lewis dot symbol for the sulfide ion sigma and... A Lewis structure the molecular geometry of XeF4 following substances will display incomplete... * OJ QJ ^J ph `` j &: Dispersion intermolecular Force YouTube! Covalent bonds 246C ) 46.6C ) > CH4 ( 161C ) the types of intermolecular that... 6 D ) 6 E ) Cl2 Ans: Total number of lone around! Weight increases all the types of intermolecular forces that lock them into place in the ion! And fun for everyone a polar molecule intermolecular forces increase a Category Medium! `` j attractive energy by one-half AsCl5 C ) 4 B ) 5 C 6... Atom and the boiling points of solids and the molecular geometry of XeF4 1 ). Species should be nonlinear of vaporization of 24.3 kJ/mol ) 7 E ) Pb Ans: B Category Medium. Fun for everyone greatest electronegativity XeF4 B ) 2 C ) 4 B ) Ga C ) polar,!

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